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ABOUT BLUF

Born in a staff meeting that should have been an email.

BLUF gives you the bottom line first, in about two minutes a story, so the rest of your day goes to the work that actually needs you.

FROM THE FOUNDER

The brief that was never ‘brief’

With many years of military experience, I have been in more meetings than I would like to remember. In my most senior leadership position, I was responsible for managing a staff of 250 while running the operations of an overseas base with 5,000 personnel. I lived in staff meetings, day in and day out. They all had one thing in common: they always ran the full scheduled time, which was already too long, and sometimes they ran over.

You have probably seen the pattern: someone briefs an issue that affects only one person at the table, in great detail, at length. Heads automatically nod, eyes stare off into an imaginary distance, attention starts to wane, and frustration starts to rise. I saw two issues: some people didn't truly understand the concept of being ‘brief,’ and some simply enjoyed hearing themselves talk.

Then I noticed my own staff meeting starting to run long. So I put a new rule in place:

Every department head gets two minutes to give me the BLUF.If it is a hot issue that impacts other departments, then we will continue the discussion.

In a meeting with 20 people in the room and 10 department heads at the table, each giving a report, a lot of time gets consumed, and I was not interested in wasting it. The meetings went from one hour to about 20 minutes, and the information was better than before: it was short, direct and to the point, focused on what mattered to the whole team. It was exactly the information I needed as a decision maker. The other 40 minutes of that scheduled hour went back to the staff to work together across departments if needed. Some meetings still needed the full hour, but that became a rarity. The meetings became something people didn't dread, and everyone got part of their calendar back.

BLUF is that rule, applied to the news. Your time is valuable, and you don't need to waste it digging through articles to find the important details of a story.

The two-minute rule

  1. Two minutes.A hard, friendly limit. It forces the speaker to decide what matters before they walk in.
  2. Bottom line first.Lead with the conclusion or the decision needed. Background comes after, if anyone asks.
  3. More time if you need it.The door was always open. This system worked so well, my office became kind of a lonely place since hardly anybody needed follow-up guidance.
  4. Give the time back.Whatever's left of the hour goes to the people doing the work.
THE SCIENCE OF DRAGGING ON

Why long meetings lose us

It isn't a character flaw. Long, unfocused meetings work against the way people and groups behave, and researchers have been saying so for seventy years.

Meetings expand to fill the room you book

In 1955, historian C. Northcote Parkinson wrote in The Economist that “work expands so as to fill the time available for its completion.” Book an hour and you'll get an hour, whether the agenda needs it or not. Meetings behave like inflated egos.

Parkinson's law

We spend longest on what matters least

Parkinson also described the “law of triviality”: a committee approves a nuclear reactor in minutes, then debates the bike shed at length, because everyone understands a bike shed. Every staff meeting has a bike shed. You know which slide it is.

Law of triviality

Back-to-back meetings pile up stress

Microsoft's Human Factors Lab put EEG caps on 14 volunteers in 2021. In four back-to-back 30-minute meetings, brain activity linked to stress kept climbing. With 10-minute breaks in between, it held steady, and people stayed more engaged.

Microsoft WorkLab, 2021

Attention moves fast now

Researcher Gloria Mark at UC Irvine has timed how long people focus on one screen before switching: about two and a half minutes in 2004, 75 seconds in 2012, and about 47 seconds in recent years. A 12-minute monologue has a lot of competition.

University of California

Leaders feel it most

In a Harvard Business Review study, 71% of senior managers said meetings are unproductive and inefficient, and 65% said meetings keep them from finishing their own work. Executives average nearly 23 hours a week in meetings, up from under 10 in the 1960s.

HBR, “Stop the Meeting Madness,” 2017

Myth check: you are not a goldfish

You may have heard that people now have an 8-second attention span, shorter than a goldfish. When the BBC tried to trace that number, it had no credible source. You don't have the attention span of a goldfish. You're just in a meeting.

Fast Company

So we built the two-minute rule for the news

In the staff meetingIn BLUF
Two minutes per departmentTwo sentences per story: the BLUF
Only what matters to the whole tableOnly consequential stories, sorted from thousands of reports
More time is given if neededWhy it matters, what's next, and every source, one tap away
A 20-minute staff meetingThe CUB: the day's brief in a few minutes, read or heard
40 minutes back to the teamThe rest of your day back to you

A note on the name: “bottom line up front” comes from U.S. Army writing standards (Army Regulation 25-50), which require the main point at the beginning of the correspondence. It was good advice for memos. It turns out to be good advice for everything. More on BLUF

Estimated reading time for this page: about three minutes. We went over. We're aware of the irony.